Concept
Asset Allocation
3 books in the library reach for this idea - each in its own way. When independent authors converge on one concept, it usually deserves attention.
Money Master the Game
How this book uses it: How you divide investments across asset classes (stocks, bonds, real estate, etc.). Determines 90%+ of returns.
The Bogleheads' Guide to Investing
How this book uses it: How you divide stocks, bonds, and other assets. The most important decision you'll make.
The Four Pillars of Investing
How this book uses it: How you divide your portfolio (stocks/bonds, domestic/foreign) matters more than which stocks you pick.